Fifth Business †Proof Mary Dempster Is a Saint for: Congregation for Causes of Saints Essay

In today’s world, a saint is a very difficult thing to come across; however I believe to have found the perfect candidate for canonization. Her name is Mary Dempster. I believe that the miracles of this woman are real, and not just coincidental, due to her unstable state of mind. Mary was married to a Baptist Parson, named Amasa Dempster in a little village called Deptford. While Mary was carrying her unborn son in her womb, she was hit in the back of the head with a snowball concealing a fairly large rock. The impact of the hit had caused her to go to into labor. Both her and her premature son had fought for their lives. The result of the stress that was put on her, and the immense head trauma caused by the snowball, the poor woman had gone simple. The simplicity of this woman is why I believe why these miracles are real, and are not fabricated or coincidental. Mary’s first miracle was the conversion of the tramp named Joel Surgeoner. Before having met Mary, the man had constantly wandered, committed crimes, and constantly caused trouble. After his interaction with Mary, he said that the way she had given herself to him had inspired him. It had changed him completely. I have met this man, and have seen the charity that he had started, Lifeline Mission. Their goal is to help the needy. He said that the charity was inspired by his generous encounter with Mary Dempster that had turned him to a life of good. The second miracle that Mary performed was raising my twelve year old brother, Willie from the dead. Willie had been sick for quite some time, and it was my turn to watch and take care of him. When I went to go check on him, he was nonresponsive, had no detectable pulse, and when I held a mirror to his nose, the mirror did not fog with breath. Willie was dead. To this day, I still don’t know why my first impulse was to find Mary, but I did. I ran to her, and then with her across the entire village, and when we came back to the room, she simply said his name, stirred him a little, and he had awoken. Mary Dempster had awoken Willie from the dead. The final miracle performed by Mary Dempster is when she appeared to me in Passchendale during the time of the war. I was trapped behind enemy lines, and I was injured and could no longer move. There was a fireball coming at me, and I was sure that I was going to die. Before I became unconscious, the last thing that I saw was the face of Mary Dempster on the Madonna figure. Months later, I awoke in a care facility, and I was alive. I truly believe that it was mary Dempster who had saved me. At the end of this brief, I have included a picture of Willie during the war, as a soldier, proof he had not died at the age of 12. I have included a statement of the recollection of events of that night from Joel Sturgeoner, as well as the picture of the Madonna statue in Passchendale. It is my sincerest hope that you would consider Mary Dempster of Deptford to be a candidate for canonization. My sincerest thanks, Dunstan Ramsay Testimony of Joel Surgeoner: â€Å"The night we last met, I was crazy. I’d tumbled off the freight in the jungle by Deptford and found a fire and seven fellows around it, and they had stew – somebody’d got a rabbit and it was in a pail over the fire with some carrots. Ever eat that? It’s awful, but I wanted some, and after a lot of nastiness they said I could have some after they’d had what they wanted of me. My manhood just couldn’t stand it, and I left them. They laughed at me and said I’d be back when I got good and hungry. Then I met this woman, wandering by herself. I knew she was a town woman. Women tramps are very rare; too much sense, I guess. She was clean and looked like an angel to me, but I threatened her and asked her for money. She hadn’t any; then I grabbed her. She wasn’t much afraid and asked what I wanted. I told her in tramp’s language, and I could see she didn’t understand, but when I started o push her down and grab at her clothes she said, ‘Why are you so rough? ’ and then I started to cry. She held my head to her breast and talked nicely to me, and I cried worse, but the strange thing is I still wanted her. As if only that would put me right, you see? That’s what I said to her. And do you know what she said? She said ‘You may if you promise not to be rough. ’ So I did, and that was when you p eople came hunting her. When I look back now, it’s a wonder that it wasn’t all over with me that moment. But it wasn’t. No, it was glory come into my life. It was as if I had gone right into Hell and through the worst of the fire, and come on a clear, pure pool where I could wash and be clean. I was locked in by my deafness, so I didn’t know much of what was said, but I could see it was a terrible situation for her, and there was nothing I could do. They turned me loose the next morning, and I ran out of that town laughing and shouting like the man who was delivered from devils by Our Lord. As I had been, you see. He worked through that woman, and she is a blessed saint, for what she did for me – I mean it as to say it was a miracle. †

Entrepreneurship: Strategy and Hardware Store

114) Assume that you are a consultant to a small independent hardware store in a town where a retail giant such as Wal-Mart, Kmart, or Target is about to open. The large retailer sells many of the same items the small hardware store sells, but at lower prices. What advice would you offer the owner concerning the hardware store's strategy?Explain.In order to keep being alive in a bigger and stronger competitor , the owner of every small business must create and develop a real competitive advantages and point of strength and differentiation , that will keep him away from any giant competitor like Wal-Mart.A successful strategic plan must be developed , converting the factors making this business considered as a small business to be the point of strength and success . Small Business has fewer product lines , well defined database and can serves in such a specific geographical area , unless it has several branches , and at that time , he can get valuable information and accurate needs of the customers through close relation and close contacts with customer , this is what is not available that easy in a mass retailer like Wal – Mart .117) assume you own a small print shop. Who are your competitors and why is it important for you to monitor your competitors' activities? Describe at least five techniques you might use to monitor competitors' strategies and actions ethically and inexpensively.Specific techniques that I might use include: †¢Asking customers and suppliers †¢Talking to employees †¢Attending trade shows †¢Buying competitors' products (benchmarking) †¢Obtaining credit reports †¢Visiting competing businessesMini-Case 3-1: Finding a Competitive AdvantageCopreneurs Ed and Yolanda recently opened a vintage used car lot called Cherry Lane. They sell antique and collectible cars on consignment for the owners at a fee of 30 percent of the selling price. The price is further reduced by 10 percent if a particular car is not sold within the first 30 days. One of the first customers convinced Yolanda that this was the only fair thing to do, and in an effort to provide something for â€Å"the cost conscious buyer,† she provided what she thought was excellent customer service and implemented the idea.Ed and Yolanda feel Cherry Lane has an ideal location. It is located adjacent to the city's baseball stadium, alongside the freeway in the center of all the other car dealerships. Although Cherry Lane has significant foot traffic, most people never make offers to buy.In an effort to increase sales, Ed and Yolanda are working on a new marketing strategy that they believe should be quite different from the â€Å"shotgun† approach they had been using over the last few months.Ed and Yolanda should follow these nine steps:Step 1:Create a clear vision and convert it into a realistic mission statment. Step 2:Analysis to get the company weakness and strength points Step 3:Scan the environment for significant opportunities and threats facing the business. Step 4:Identify the key factors for success in the business. Step 5:Study the market & analyze the competition.Step 6:Create company goals and objectives. Step 7:Formulate strategic options and select the appropriate strategies. Step 8:Translate strategic plans into action plans. Step 9:Accurate controls.The above steps are a continuous process that will keep continuing from the beginning and will never ends.

Lisa Benton

1. What are the background factors important to understanding the case?In the Benton Case, important background to understand is how Lisa questioned if her decision on accepting the position with House world was the right-move for career goal. Second, her initial meet with her boss and lack of communication to what is going to be expected from her. Lisa felt, as she is not being utilized to her full potential.Benton, decision on accepting the product manager position, she based it on a long-term goal. She based it on what best will benefit her in the long run. When Lisa met who her reporting supervisor was, she felt as if there was a lack of interest on her being a part of the team. Linton should have met and have some type of initial counseling to go over the expectancy from Lisa and Benton.2. What are the issues of power and influence in the case, organizationally, managerially, interpersonally, and personally?In the case study it did not seem that there was any power of influence organizationally. Houseworld, seemed like a great place for Benton to work and reach her career goal. However, managerially there seems to be many issues of power. Linton really did show Benton a great interest of joining her team, which made Benton feel as if she was not being utilized for what she was really worth. When both managers from pure & fresh met Benton, they both expressed their feeling towards Harvard MBA’s. Ron did have some influence on Benton, because of him she was under the impression that she should be in a learning mode.By being in a learning mode it made Lipton assume that she lacked motivation, which led to the negative statements in her evaluation. Personally, I think that Benton did have all the right intentions to succeed in her current role, but because there were communication barriers it led to many assumptions that caused a great deal of frustration. The one thing that Lisa can do is learn from her experience and utilize what she learns to future situations.3. Is Benton powerless in the case? What are the sources of power? It might seem as Benton was powerless, but in reality she had the upper hand to improve her leadership and communication with management, which would  empower her to become a product manager and reach her career goal.The source of power that Benton has in this case is the opportunity to move every 12-18 months. She can utilize her learning experience that she learn from her current team with pure & fresh to improve her communication when introduce to future managers or team members.4. List and discuss the critical incidents in the case and suggest how Benton could have been more effective in each one.When Benton started to feel frustrated by the way her team made her feel, she could have taken control of the situation by communicating to Linton, which would have allowed her to take control of the situation. It would have primed Linton to meet with Lisa and go over her expectancies in her position, instea d of thinking that she was in a learning mode. A critical incident that Benton could have been more effective is by being more assertive in her role with Pure & Fresh.5. What are your recommendations for Lisa at the end of the case?I would recommend that Benton continue to work with Houseworld, she should keep in mind her motive on accepting her current position, as Houseworld offers the benefit that encouraged her to make that transition from Right-a-way. One thing that Benton can take away from the situation is not assuming what will be expected from her, but to actually know her expectations of her duties. If Benton had not allowed her frustrations to build up and to actually communicate to Linton, she could have avoided the negative aspects of her evaluation.

Should football managers be sacked when results are poor Essay

Should football managers be sacked when results are poor - Essay Example n approach to sporting holds that the levels of resources in finances as well as the technical managerial effort committed towards a sporting activity directly influences the performance outcome of a match. Besides hiring of most competitive coaches, football clubs for instance invest through hiring most competitive players from the market to decrease of the chances of rival teams to overpower them in skills and competence. The improvement of such skill endowment is therefore prerequisite to recording good performance and management should be aware of such instead of condemning the coach on such failures that would have its roots on management failures. Through an empirical analysis, the study by Jara, Paolini and Tena therefore reveals that there is a correlation between the performance recorded by a sporting organization and the roles played by different players. The management has a critical part to play in influencing organizational performance through resource allocation while t he coach takes up the technical expertise in influencing the performances recorded. In analyzing the effectiveness of dismissing a coach in a mid-season or between two matches, Heuer and team employed a statistical analysis of German league of soccer where the findings revealed that the result had no significant effect towards subsequent performances. In often times, the decision to have a coach fired amidst a sporting season is influenced by such factors as disappointments from expected results in relation to resources committed towards the success of the team such as increased wage bill. Moreover, management may arrive at such a decision through pressure from the club owners, fans as well as the media (Talentowski, nd, p. 1). Nevertheless, a predetermined hypothesis has been in use over... From the beginning, the essay makes a clear point that it is an often sought for decision to sack a coach upon the registration of a poor performance by a sporting organization with the argument that the coach has failed in management of the team. The success of a team in a match requires the collaborative efforts by the players, the coach, the organization management as well as the prevailing physical conditions upon which the organization plays. The essay then discusses the institutional complexity as well as managerial effort has critical implications towards the overall performance of a sporting organization. The essay brings up vivid examples too. In analyzing the effectiveness of dismissing a coach in a mid-season or between two matches, Heuer and team employed a statistical analysis of German league of soccer where the findings revealed that the result had no significant effect towards subsequent performances. Another example would be an article by Barnes in the BBC news featu res opinions of Weel, a Dutch economist who reasoned that "Changing a manager during a crisis in the season does improve the results in the short term†. In conclusion, the essay finds much support to the postulation that dismissing a coach based on poor performance has no effect on the performance of the cub or entire organization than the support of favorable results being gained through such dismissal. This paper therefore recommends good overall evaluation on causes of poor performances by organization before adopting such a policy direction as firing the coach.

The Thrift Savings Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Thrift Savings Plan - Research Paper Example However, as part of the retirement strategy, the employees choose to invest their funds into the Thrift Savings Plan. The funds are not controlled by the government. When the government money is at stake, one place it cannot bump into is the federal employee retirement program for saving. This makes it secure for all federal employees. This review is sought to investigate the purpose of the Thrift Savings Plan, the contributions of both the employers and the employees and its benefits to the employees. It will also explore on the problems and challenges of investing in this particular Savings Plan. History of Thrift Saving Plan The Thrift Savings Plan is a product of the Congress. It is established under the Federal Employees’ System Act of the year 1986 specifically for the federal employees and the military. The Thrift Savings Board is controlled by the Federal Retirement Board, an agency of government that is independent. The Plan is managed by five members of the Board tog ether with a Director, legally appointed by the president. This plan is equivalent to the private 401k and the 403b retirement plans. The tax benefits and saving options offered in The Thrift Savings Plan are similar to other retirement plans (Thrift Savings Plan Website). ... Automatic deductions on income. 2. A diverse choice of investment options for instance professional designed Lifecycle funds 3. A wide range of tax treatment contributions such as: -Traditional tax contributions and tax-referred investment earnings - Roth contributions with tax-free earnings at retirement 4. Low administrative and investment expenses. 5. Contributions of an agency if the employee is covered by the Federal Employees’ Retirement System 6. At some point employees can access their money while still employed by the Federal Government. 7. A beneficiary participant account established for an employee’s spouse in case of death 8. A wide range of choices of withdrawal 9. A widened term of deferred tax on contributions and their growth. According to the Thrift Savings Plan, an employee covered by the Federal Employees’ Retirement System forms part of the package that includes basic annuity and Social Security Fund (Nestler 44). The Thrift Savings Plan expl ains it this way: For those covered by the Civil Service Retirement System, the Thrift Saving Plan is a supplement to their unity. The benefits offered by the Thrift Saving Plan depend on the retirement system one is registered in. However, in all the systems, the Thrift Saving Plan increases their retirement income. (qtd. in Form tsp-3) When the employee funds the Thrift Savings Plan with traditional tax (pre-tax), the amount of income tax is lowered, hence decreasing the burden of tax when working. This can be beneficial if the employee contributes the maximum amount in the income tax bracket. When the employee or the member has invested in the Plan, no tax is made on the earnings until a withdrawal is made. A clear opportunity is

Study of Factors and Approaches Influencing Implementation of ERP Essay

Study of Factors and Approaches Influencing Implementation of ERP Systems - Essay Example It is unclear from both the text and the table, what the source of these tables is. It is important to refer to, explain and even evaluate these tables in your text. | 7) In chapter 5, you must include a proper conclusion. Does your research answer the research questions you posed in chapter 1? Have you fulfilled your research objectives? Please be explicit in stating the extent to which you are satisfied with your work. It is okay to say that some elements did not work as you expected. If you were to do this research again, in what way would you do it differently? We are not looking for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"rightà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ answers as we assess your work. We are looking for a critical, justified, evidenced, coherent evaluation of the research study and its process. Chung, B. (2007). An Analysis of Success and Failure Factors for ERP Systems in Engineering and Construction Firms. Retrieved December 19, 2010, from Digiral Repository of University of Maryland: http://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/1903/7644/1/umi-umd-4917.pdf Srivastava, R. (2003). Learning from Failed ERP implementation or How to make em Successful. Retrieved December 19, 2010, from Apps to Fusion:

Business and Academic Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business and Academic Skills - Essay Example The person working as the Sales Manager in a company is required to have knowledge and skill in application of numerical sets for it helps the manager to forecast the future sales conditions depending on the existing sales situation. The sales manager in turn is required to broadly quantify the different anticipations for the sales in relation to different categories. The customer relationship manager is required to keep large databases of different types of consumers relating to different regions and sectors. Thus effective database management in regards to the purchase behaviour of the consumers along with the different offers set from time to time constitutes an important activity of the customer relationship manager. ... Teamwork also helps the sales manager in gaining effective feedback through which sales strategies can be modified. The customer relationship manager is required to work effectively in a team consisting of the marketing manager and also of the operations manager. Teamwork taught in the business management course helps in maintaining effective coordination between the different departments to achieve the business objective. Self-management The Business Analyst working in an analytical environment needs to manage his own skills by rightly updating them to help find potential business solutions. The skill sets can be better enhanced through enhancing one’s knowledge parameters based on different software that has been developed relating to statistical and mathematical model formulation. Self-management is highly required for a sales manager in regards to encouraging and providing enthusiasm to the workers and sales officers to perform well in a particular territory. Self discipli ne of the sales manager can only help in streamlining and synchronizing the sales operations of the officers working in the different territories. The customer relationship manager is required to manage own set of responsibilities to help satisfy and sustain the different consumer groups for the concern. Thus self-management on our part in meeting established responsibilities is highly required for being a customer relationship manager. Business & Customer Awareness In regards to the parameter for business and customer awareness the person working in a Business Analyst profile is required to understand the analytical requirements from both the market and business perspective and thereby render adequate analysis. Moreover the Business Analyst

Volcanic impact on environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Volcanic impact on environment - Essay Example The exploitation of these materials in turn has a direct impact on the environment.† (Marti and Ernst, xiii) Significantly, the direct and indirect impact of volcanoes on the environment and society requires significant public awareness as volcanic eruptions never get public attention unless when people and buildings are harmed directly by these volcanoes. The crucial impact of hazardous volcanic processes on the environment and the society needs to be analyzed comprehensively and it is important to realize that the direct volcano hazards include fall processes, flowage processes, and other processes, while the indirect volcano hazards include earthquakes and ground movement, tsunami, atmospheric impact and climate change, etc. A profound analysis of the volcanic impact on the environment confirms that the volcanic eruptions are extremely harmful to the environment, primarily because of the number of toxic gases emitted in the process. Significantly, the toxic gases emitted in volcanic eruptions include carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, carbon monoxide, volatile metal chlorides, etc. and these are extremely hazardous to the environment. This paper makes a reflective exploration of the volcanic impact on the environment in order to discover the various hazardous ways in which volcanic eruptions and process influence the environment and the society, directly and indirectly. One of the major research questions of an analysis of the volcanic impact on the environment should be how the volcanic gases have

The Role of Women in Developing Countries Essay

The Role of Women in Developing Countries - Essay Example (Levy, 1988). The sociological concept of functionalism enables one to understand the importance of one's role in society. Functionalism is the perspective concerned with actions among individuals, the constraints imposed by social institutions on individuals, and links between the needs of an individual and the satisfaction of those needs through cultural and social frameworks. (Alan Barnard, 2000). It draws from the contribution of Emile Durkheim. Durkheim explained that a society functions smoothly similar to that of a healthy organism which is made of many parts put together in larger systems. These systems correspond to its own special purpose of function in consonance with the others. Durkheim stated that societies have structures similar to an organism. Social institutions just like the parts of the body also function together within larger systems. The social systems cover relations of kinship, belief, politics, and economics which are woven together as the society in the same manner that the various biological systems together form the organism. In this paper, the sociological concept of functionalism will be applied to the role of women in developing countries such as Singapore, Malaysia and Korea. Singapore is known as a patriarchal state. Malaysia is an Islamic state. Korea also adheres to the importance of a woman's work in the home. The status of women in Sing... The PAP enacted a Women's Charter whose main aim was to 'enable women to have their rights safeguarded by legislation' (Singapore Legislative Assembly Debate 6 April 1960, p. 443). The Women's Charter outlawed polygamy. The Charter also emphasizes and maintains the roles, responsibilities, duties, and rights of women within the family. Finally, the Charter protects the traditional roles of women as wives and mothers. The People's Action Party government described itself as a patriarchal state where nation and family are pre-eminent concerns. (Goh Chok Tong, 1991) The values emphasized in the White Paper are 'nation before community and society above self and 'family as a basic unit of society' (Chok Tong 1991, p. 10). This state-supported patriarchy meant re-locating women back into the home through specific rules that make her primordially responsible for child- rearing and other household duties. The modern Malaysian woman is well-educated, perceptive, independent, articulate, but also faithful to family, religion and a vision of Islamic modernity. However, challenges still remain. Malaysian women still experience serious disadvantages such as discriminatory labor laws, poor working conditions in the workplace, a neglect of rural women, problems of family workers, stresses produced by juggling the demands of daily life and the focus on the woman's reproductive role. (World Bank 1999). The Malaysian women are extensively involved in domestic, technical and other white-collar work. Malaysian female rural workers contribute to family labor. The young rural women who migrated to the city from rural villages had full employment.

One Day In September Essay Example for Free

One Day In September Essay Analyze how the opening sequences of two documentary films help to establish genre and narrative. The two documentaries Im going to discuss are called one day in September and when we were kings these are both documentaries about well known sporting events. One day in September is about a group of Israeli athletes in the Olympics who are captured and held hostage by Palestinians whereas when we were kings is based on two boxers from America who compete for their country in Africa in 1974 called George Forman and Muhammad Ali. They are both an example of a well known competitive sport. One day in September opens with a short clip of Munich where the Olympics is due to be held it is presented as if it is advertising it as a holiday destination. The music at first is very cheerful and light with a narrator describing Munich and its attractions this is known as non diagetic sound. There are quick clips of the lifestyle and scenery in Munich to give you a general idea of what Munichs culture and lifestyle is like. It soon changes very serious and dramatic credits with a man quoting Well nobody could foresee what later on happened this leads the viewers to think already that this is not going to be a usual day. The credits slide onto a very dark blurred background with distorted reports on what seem to have happened in the background, this effect intrigues the audience to what actually happened on that day in September. When the credits finish the music changes back to the calm, peaceful music as before and the audience see slides of what appears to be a happy couples marriage. The viewer can already sense that these people are going to be involved. A woman is narrating over these short clip and goes straight in to talking past tense saying It was only a year and three months that I was married to Andrà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Spitzer this gives the audience the impression that they are not married anymore. The narrator carries on discussing her marriage and how she met Andre Spitzer this creates a bond between the audience and the narrator to leave a bigger effect on the viewers. The shot then changes to a prisoner however you cannot see his face, the sound then changes into tension building music to create suspense between the audience and this prisoner this also shows us black and white images of were he lives over these shots the prisoner goes directly into who he is and describes his past and his training. The camera shots keeps us curious into who he is and what he has done while the suspense of the music engages us into what happened one that day in September. The audience then go back to Andrà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Spitzers wifes perspective however the music stays the same building up the suspense while the point of view changes from the goodies to the baddies. The documentary then changes into a anonymous male describing what was about this Olympics that made it different from all the others for Andrà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and his team. The sound then changes to an upbeat feel good song showing clips of the Olympics which confuses the audience slightly to what went wrong.

Standardized Ion Chromatograpy (IC) for Salivary Analysis

Standardized Ion Chromatograpy (IC) for Salivary Analysis According to Darvell et. al. (2004), the research is about analysis of human saliva by using ion chromatography(IC). The aim of this research is to construct out a standardized IC protocol for future salivary analysis. The samples has go through several procedures such as centrifugation to remove particulates, filtration on supernatant, and the residual droplet was removed by a paper tissue without touching it to the CFD (centrifugal filter device). This is because want to minimize the risk of back–contamination of the device. About the pretreatment, the temperature for centrifugation is set at 4Â °C which inhibit the pathogen spreading and lower the bacterial activity. The steps of pretreatment temperature, duplicate runs of the samples and recovery of known addition of standard solution are to make sure that the result obtained is reproducible and no significant different. However, the resolution has shown decrease and this may cause by the protein retained in the exchange site of column resin or the surface of suppressor. It is suggested that application of membrane ultrafiltration can minimize contamination of IC system. Besides, there are few things have to take in consideration which are pretreatment and sample dilution. If the sample pH is higher than 2-3, in pretreatment part have to avoid introducing the ionic contaminant or subtracting any ion that needed if cellulose used in material for membrane ultrafiltration. Sample dilution can make the resolution between peaks greater especially when fluid with smaller volume are available sufficient for injection. Xie et al. (2011) have reported the studies on levels of adenosine phosphate in blood which are analyzed by using ion chromatography. In this research, gradient mode of elution is used, because it well-known as can carry out fast result and provide sharp peak due to gradient compression effects. The procedure are firstly sample dilution, homogenization, centrifugation, membrane filtration and finally injection into the IC system. The addition of acetonitrile in homogenization part is to extract out the protein as precipitation. Adenosine phosphate likely retained in column and cause contamination since they are very polar molecule however this research has proven that by using this method it will not retained on the column and it can applicable to the analysis of true blood samples. Hou Cramer (2011) has evaluated on selectivity in multimodal anion exchange system priority on prediction of protein retention time and investigation of effect caused by mobile phase modifier. About selectivity, as we know protein are more strongly retain tendency with resin. The multimodal effect which the arrangement pattern has given an electrostatic attraction that manage the binding behaviors with obeying Langmuir isotherm. In this research, two anion resin was used which are Capto Adhere(ADH) and Q Sepharose FF. Result shown there was more retention on ADH because additional interactions existed. In ADH ligand, the additional interaction may composed hydrophobic properties contributed by aromatic ring and hydrogen bonding contributed by hydroxyl group. Suggested that the size of ion-exchanger should be smaller to optimize the performance and using monolithic porous column in order to improve the morphology of the resins. According to the Tyrrell ed. al. (2009), rapid IC have several advantages such as reduce the analysis time, cost and improve the productivity. The rapid IC can be transfer from the conventional method by modifying some parameter. The rapid IC using the similar stationary phases with the conventional chromatographic but the column geometry used in rapid IC was modified. Besides that, the volume used and the flow rate of sample were reduce by a factor of 12 to speed up the chromatographic process and the resolution is not affected for the smaller particle-packed columns with shorter length. In generally, gradient elution are consider more beneficial in fast separations and multi-component sample analysis. In optimize conditions, the separation speed is assume constant in this study. Meanwhile, the other parameter such as the column length was decreased by a factor of 10 and the smaller particles were reduced by a factor of 15. Reductions by factor in the parameters was reduce the resol ution, but the reduction in resolution still in the acceptable ranges, so the process still can be accepted. According to Chen Leong (2009), ÃŽ ±-fetoprotein (AFP) is a potential candidate in biopharmaceutical field, especially in the treatment of autoimmune indications. Recombinant AFP can indicate rheumatoid arthritis recently. However, due to the complexity of its structure as it contains 32 cysteines, which refolding and form 16 disulfide bonds by oxidation; the refolding process will be very hard to occur because the protein with highly disulphide-bonding is immobile on a stationary phase of chromatography. The objective of this study was to improve the refolding yield of the recombinant human AFP (rhAFP) using anion-exchange chromatography. Refolding process by batch dilution was studied as a control. Instead of ion-exchange column, a PD-10 desalting column was used to remove the DTT from protein mixture. The mixture was then eluted out the desalting column and refolding buffer was added. There were two types of anion-exchange column to carry out on-column refolding, which were Q-FF columns and DEAR-FF columns. Same procedures were performed on this refolding process as batch dilution, the protein was incubated in the column with refolding buffer for 0-24 hours, but with an addition of stripping buffer after refolding cycle. Next off-column refolding was carried out using a 1ml Q-FF column. Unlike on-column refolding, the protein was not incubated in column but treated with refolding buffer with or without 0.5M L-arginine after elution process. For batch dilution, as a result, the refolding yield is at maximum level which was around 55% at less than 0.5mg/ml of rhAFP, but at the allowable greatest concentration of protein refolding which is 0.45mg/ml, the yield of refolding obtained is 14% only. This is because high concentration of protein would lead to high aggregation and hence, low refolding process. 0.45mg/ml was the highest protein refolding concentration in this section because of solubility and viscosity limitation in preparation step of higher concentr ation of protein sample. On the other hand, refolding process in DEAE-FF column had higher recovery yield of rhAFP compared to that in Q-FF column which were 19% and 15% respectively when the amount of rhAFP load was 1mg. Q-FF is a strong anion-exchanger compared to DEAE-FF, this caused the strong interaction between protein samples with matrix and limited the disulfide shuffling to refold. In contrast, the interaction in DEAE-FF is relatively weaker, so the disulfide shuffling had higher efficiency and increased refolding process occurrence. The stripping buffer was added after refolding cycle to elute more refolded rhAFP, as the protein was mostly bound on column during refolding and elution process. Similar to result of batch dilution, increased amount of protein load brought increased aggregation and lower refolding process. Furthermore, aggregation of protein at the top section of the column can prevent the protein to move through the column, so another test was done with addit ion of NaCl to refolding process conducted in DEAE-FF column and it showed higher refolding yield. Investigation of off-column refolding was done without incubation of protein in Q-FF column with refolding buffer. Without addition of L-arginine, the refolding yield of 1mg of rhAFP load was higher than on-column refolding, and the yield could be increased to 42% after addition of L-arginine. The possible reason is due to interference of L-arginine toward the adsorption of rhAFP on the matrix. Hence it is impossible to add L-arginine if on-column refolding was desired to be performed. Actually, instead of Q-FF column, the off-column refolding can be conducted on DEAE-FF column with addition of L-arginine and NaCl, the outcome should be interesting to investigate. In a nutshell, off-column refolding yielded the most among the methods, which was 13-fold increase from batch dilution.

Concepts of E Recruitment in Software Firms

Concepts of E Recruitment in Software Firms INTRODUCTION This research is based on a critical investigation of the E-recruitment process in the Indian software Industries. Consequently, the aim of this study is to investigate E Recruitment strategically in terms of a Cost cutting and time saving factor that would be beneficial for organization during current economic downturn. This study would also be beneficial in looking at the concept of Technology as a solution to reduce cost and save time. In addition it is hoped that the study would also benefit Strategic analyst and Human resource managers to view E Recruitment as a strategic tool. Background The research focus is on the factor of E Recruitment in todays cut throat market in terms of strategic benefit towards Cost cutting and time saving. The researcher has chosen the particular topic, since it would be helpful in current downturn. To make this statement valid the researcher investigates the concept of E Recruitment in Software industries in India. The rationale for investigating software firms in India stems from the fact that such firms actually adopt Cost cutting measures in all possible practices in current downturn. The study seeks to review the concepts of E recruitment in Software firms by understanding the subjects in terms of Human resource process. In addition the study investigates E recruitment process in Software industries by acquiring data through Questionnaire and Semi structured tool that shall constitute questions based on the critical sections of E Recruitment in terms of Human resource process, Cost cutting and Time saving factors. The primary research is respondents and population would be the Human Resource managers and employees in HR department from Chennai and Bangalore working in Software firms. The researcher intends to use contacts within the IT firms to access the relevant data set. Literature background Organizational recruitment efforts have to a great extent relied on computer technology and one vicinity that has developed is recruiting through the Internet, otherwise known as e-recruitment (Mottl, 1998). This technology can be utilized in application tracking, job posting and electronic job application. In addition, it can assist the human resource function and lessen human resource works. From the applicable literature, there is an argument that e-recruitment is required to be used in conjunction with other techniques. Internet-based recruiting will not put back conventional practices, but a well-implemented e-recruitment strategy can facilitate the recruitment process there by making it more successful (Borck, 2000; Caggiano, 1999). Internet recruiting ought to be one of many tools used to find and recruit applicants. Likewise, even though the organizations see the advantages of e-recruitment, there is a tendency to adopt more conventional methods in the form of newspaper advertisement, personal referrals, and search agencies for most of their recruiting. Organizations therefore tend to view the Internet as a vital additional tool (Pearce and Tuten, 2001) E-recruitment is not treated as a stand-alone human resource instrument, it is integrated into an overall recruiting and selection strategy that comprises, amongst other things, sophisticated behavioral and skills assessment, interviewing, and added means of documenting requirements and sourcing candidates. Consequently, a human resource department still uses both conventional method and e-recruitment in their recruitment process (Cullen, 2001). Accordingly to Portal (2003), Shows that more than 75 percent of HR professionals currently use Internet job boards apart from conventional recruiting method (HR Portal, 2003). One of the key considerations of e-recruitment is that it is cost-effectiveness and the economy attained in the course of its usage. This is since publishing obtainable positions on the companys website costs less than publishing in other media for instance newspaper. In addition, employers can place the vacancy positions on the job board website as this too is at a lower cost (Pearce and Tuten, 2001). Aim and Objectives of the Research The aim of this research is to investigate the process of E-Recruitment as a strategic driving factor in cutting costs and saving time in the Indian IT sector. The objectives of the study are as follows: To investigate the various factors and trends in Recruitment in India. To Explore E-Recruitment as Human resource process and evaluate various implications in hiring To critically examine the effectiveness of e-recruitment in Software industries To identify merits and demerits in E-Recruitment process Research Questions What are the trends in recruitment in India? What is the impact of conducting E-Recruitment process in Software firms? What is the strategic impact of E-Recruitment on Software organizations in cost reduction and Time? What are the driving factors of E Recruitment towards jobs with merits and demerits? Methodology In order to fulfill the aims and objectives of this study, the study employs both qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative method were be used through semi structured interviews with high level and Middle level Human resource managers from Software companies in India. Quantitative approach were carried out through questionnaire methods, the like scale type questions have been adopted as the suitable method, where the questions are designed in different scales like likert, and rate order with, Questions varying from open to closed end questions. The respondents will be employees working in Indian Software firms at Chennai and Bangalore in Human Resource department. The type of sampling method used in this research thesis will be Non probability sampling method. It involves identifying and questioning the informants based on their experience and their roles. The type of sampling used in non probability method is Purposive sampling, which involves choosing independents on the views which are relevant to the subject (Jankowicz, 2005). The number of samples for the Semi structured interview is 5 and Questionnaire samples is 30. Structure of the dissertation This part of the dissertation, the researcher has made a sequence an a flow for the entire study. The study has 5 chapters, which are interconnected with each other and they are progressed as follows; Chapter 1: Introduction This chapter explains the topic of study and the background of research in brief giving values and reasons why the researcher has chosen the topic and how the research is focused or dealt with respect to answer the research questions and also in order to full fill the research objectives. Chapter 2: Literature Review This chapter provides the reviews of academic literature related to the topic. The academic literature is reviewed from Books, Electronic journals, Articles etc. This chapter reviews the existing literature on research topic so that it can be helpful in identifying various gaps and also to study the various theories used by the other authors. Chapter 3: Research Methodology This chapter highlights the methodology that is used in this research. The chapter begins with an outline of the research aim and objectives finally, the researcher explains the Sampling techniques and how well the samples are grouped to observe validity and reliability of the research. Chapter 4: Analysis and Findings This chapter analyses the data that are gathered through primary research and it provides a detailed outline of the research findings. This chapter also draws various conclusions from the data presentation. Chapter 5: Conclusions and its recommendations This chapter contains various conclusions drawn from discussions in the analysis chapter. The limitation of this research is also discussed, and recommendations for further research presented. Summary In this chapter we have reviewed the research background, research objectives and the scope of research. The research aim and research objectives are stated with research question which ensures the researcher understand the subject based on the problem statement to fulfill the research. In addition it contains theoretical background on E Recruitment from different perspectives. Finally it sets out the structure of the study. In the next chapter we shall review and look into various literary articles to gain more understanding on the issues under investigation. Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction This chapter presents the theoretical background of the study. It review various literature articles on the topic, The main aim of this study is to analyse E recruitment in software industries in India with a focus on Cost cutting and time saving factors. This is strategic and the research is conducted with a focus on Recruitment as a strategic tool and its various trends in software organisations. Many researchers and practitioners have identified that the necessity in the manner in which the applicants are getting attracted towards Jobs and organizations and the use of the Internet as a tool to cut cost and save time. The set of rules in filling up recruitments through the web can incur less cost than mailing paper application packets. Apart from the reported benefits in the form of cost efficiencies, According to (Rozelle and Landis (2002)) the role of HR in this model is taken as more of a facilitative role, According to the various theories it is clearly specified that this mode l gives a chance of time for the recruiters in order to involve the strategic issues within the resourcing. Having outlined the research aims and objectives it is essential to look at the definition of E Recruitment to have an overview of the research. Recruitment is a process of hiring candidates in filling up the vacancies through possible stages. There are several stages in selecting suitable candidates for employment organized by the organisation. E Recruitment is different from this conventional recruitment process. Human Resource Management The Recruitment Process Human resource management (HRM) and Recruitment process go hand in hand and recruitment is central to all management process. Failures in the recruitment process can lead to difficulties for any organization and consequently have an immense effect on its probability and variance levels which include inappropriate level of skills and staffing. Consequently results in some of the problems of inadequate recruitment, which leads to shortage of labors or problems in the decision making (Veneeva, 2009). From the above literature the researcher can come to a decision that recruitment plays a vital role in the central management process. According to The University of Melbourne (2009), recruitment is an imperative process of human resource management. They suggested that there are two major stages or levels in the recruitment processes. The first stage involves the process of searching or hunting the candidates with respect to job opportunities available and the seconds stage refers with the process of selecting candidates who are qualified for a suitable job by a company with the use of technologies involving test and interviews. However recruitment is not a simple selection process and it requires extensive planning and decision making to be able to employ suitable manpower. There exists growing competition amongst the business firms for recruiting the best potential candidates, there is now a shift focus on innovation amongst management decision making. The selectors aim to recruit candidates who would suit the ethics, corporate culture in accordance to the organization (Terpstra, 1994). This means that management would specifically look out for potential candidates capable of being a team player and team work and that would be crucial for positions available in organization. Human resource management approaches towards any business process would be based upon focusing the core objectives of an organization and realization of strategic plans by training the individuals or personnel that would be beneficial to the organization, thus improving its performance and profits (Korsten, 2003). With the following discussion the recruitment process does not end with selection and application of right candidates to the job but rather it involves maintaining and retaining the employees chosen. In spite of well structured plan, selection and the qualified management team involved in recruitment processes followed by firms, there is a possibility that the Firms can also face significant difficulties during the implementation. With this notion HRM can provide new insights towards the best practiced approach to recruitment. But companies have to use their management skills to apply theories within context of organization (Veneeva, 2009). Recruitment Trends We have seen the recruitment context towards organization efficiency. We shall now turn to the various methods towards recruitment. According to The University of Melbourne (2009), there are two prime methods of recruitment called traditional and online recruitment. Basically the recruitment methods that are performed by the organization themselves or by a third party recruitment providers such as recruitment agencies are termed as Traditional recruitment. The information exchange in the traditional recruitment is offline but still they does not use internet as a source of information exchange. It adopts avenues such as Television, newspaper, and also through Job centers etc. The job recruitments are approached in a straight forward manner or filled through the agency or also it can be conducted by the physical address of the organization in order to conduct various test and interviews such as face to face interview. In the past two decades recruitment has changed with number of evolutionary phases. According to the white paper of Frontier Software (N.D) these are, Pre-online era This is networking face to face. 1980s These are the solutions based on the commissioned agencies that provides alternative that had become paper based and time consuming process. 1990s- The rise of Internet as a tool that made solutions as Job boards that offers inexpensive and effective solutions reaching many target audiences. 2000-present This transition phase is the emergence of Internet recruitment called e recruitment solutions and Web 2.0 is the platform for recruitment process. Social networking style, interactivity connections as well. The rise of job boards marked the beginning of the evolution of Internet recruitment which makes readily available a pool of job seekers and their Curriculum Vitae to the agencies that advertise jobs. Thus internet has become a major source for the active and passive job seekers. Active job seekers opt to make available their CVs and Passive job seekers are being the candidates that are not searchable and hidden but can be responded to job advertisements Frontier Software (N.D). According to the Research advisory panel (2006) of Public appointments service the most common recruitment types are Newspapers, Recruitment agencies, internal recruitment and Internet recruitment. Having identified the two major types of recruitments as Traditional and Online recruitment. Othman and Musa (2006) cited from Arboledas et al. (2001) and in Galanaki (2002), traditional recruitment being the firms who wants to post jobs, announces the job opening at the marketplace through proper advertisements or through a job fair , or to an executive recruiter or through other mediums. From this source candidates submit their profile for the announcement. Newspaper advertisements are used more widely than any other source of traditional recruitment. On the other hand, the traditional recruitments are used in majority of recruitment processes and are effective while other types of recruitments are proved to be appropriate in specific situations. The employers use different methods based on different positions. Accordingly Bussler Davis (2002) cited in Othman and Musa (2006) and Mottl (1998) suggests that, In order to determine which mode of recruitment is used by the employers we have to look into various aspects. Aspects in terms of Time scale of the recruitment process, Recruitment cost as reaching the candidates and the organization culture. In recent years internet has revolutionized and made an impact on the human resource field. Now a days organizations rely mostly on computer technology and with the recruitment through Internet. The internet technology can be used in tracking the application, job posting and electronic applications. Apart from these applications it can be used in reducing the human resource work load and human resource functions. E- Recruitment Overview E-recruitment can be explained as any recruiting processes that a business organisation carries out through web-based tools, in the form of a firms public Internet site or its corporate intranet (Armstrong, 2006). The terms Internet recruitment, online recruitment and E- Recruitment are Identical and can be used interchangeably. There are various definitions of E Recruitment, According to Hoffman (2001), E-Recruitment can be defined as the utilization of the Internet for candidate sourcing, selection, communication and management throughout the recruitment process According to Armstrong (2006), the E- Recruitment process consists of attracting the candidates, screening, tracking the applicants, selection and finally offering jobs and as well rejecting the candidates. According to the studies of Hogler (1998) and HR Portal (2003) cited in Othman and Musa (2006) employers can advertise jobs, scan and store their CVs, conduct tests and also contact the qualified applicants with the use of Internet that could match the candidates for jobs. Vidot (2000) cited in Othman and Musa (2006) suggested that the use of Internet will benefit and attract candidates of high quality, branding, reiterate the profile of the firm and also streamline application and the selection processes. According to Cullen (2001) cited in Othman and Musa (2006) , there are various perception to E- Recruitment, it is integrated with the overall selection and the recruiting strategies as a standalone human resource tools. These strategies include interviewing behavioral and assessment skills and other additional strategies such as identifying other needs and candidates sourcing. However studies show that the Human resource departments still also use both e- recruitment and other traditional methods. According to the study by HR Portal (2003), More than 75% of Human Resource professionals use using Job boards in addition to the Traditional recruitment methods. E- Recruitment Factual Evidences and Process There is evidence in the academic literature to suggest that E-Recruitment is gaining popularity in todays job market. E-recruitment is significant in todays cost cutting markets to save huge amount of money. According to the research of Whizlabs Software (2006), the study of Forrester Research Institute, a famous market research firm found that by 2005 the expenditure on the recruitment based on Internet was $7 billion. Many firms as of 96% of the companies required internet for the recruitment needs. A survey conducted by Employment Management Association (EMA) of USA found that online ads would cost $377 than estimated with printout ads that cost per hire at $3295. A study conducted the CIPD (2005) found that 75% of organizations in UK use corporate website in order to attract applicants and in the 2006 research 73% of applicants use online job applications. According to an Intelligence report of iLogos Research of Global 500 Website recruiting of 2003 survey has found that 94% of global 500 companies have corporate career websites. Recruitment websites are more useful in saving both money and time. Apart from a Recruitment process it is becoming part of organization or corporate strategy. The online recruitment sites have continued to multiply in number in value added services and can help to improve long term time survival in the current market trend. E drive is primarily based on the IT organization and software solutions. E recruitment primarily uses software solutions for effective and efficient recruitment process. There are various differences with the recruitment from an IT organization that compared with traditional or conventional recruitment process such as selection and training process. Study: also suggested that IT organizations hire more people; consequently recruiters have to really focus on providing solutions that would ultimately maximize effort, save time with the best talent pools (Whizlabs Software, 2006). E- Recruitment Application with HR and systems Having explored E-recruitment and its process, at this function we now need to explore how E- recruitment is linked with technology and Management i.e., E- recruitment links with HR systems, Line Managers and Human Resource managers in the recruitment process. The application of E recruitment and HR systems are explained by Research Advisory Panel (2006) as; HR Role in the E-Recruitment process is essential, as the general time management seems to play a crucial role as a facilitator and coordinator in the recruitment process. With the e recruitment process it can be evident that it can reduce the HR burden and that in turn leads HR managers to operate on a strategic level within the organization. Line managers are usually involved in the process of selecting the applications in relation to the vacancies that are listed accordance with the job role. At this instant HR can work on to the overall strategy as defining and controlling. This also ensures the system is developed as effective talent strategies. In this whole process the role of Line managers would be limited with the access to the entire e recruitment systems even though the systems quickly facilitate in transferring candidates information. During this HR would acts as broker between candidates and the Line managers Research Advisory Panel (2006). From this literature, HR acts as a central unit between the Line managers and the candidates. Many organizations who usually opt for solution or depend on the Third party suppliers can make use of the alternative form of suppliers and Job boards of systems using the application tracking software. There are two main forms of categories in enabling the E recruitment process they are, E recruitment tools such as Enterprise Resource and Planning (ERP) such as Oracle and SAP and the other being the developed products from the vendors who are specialized in the recruitment softwares like testing and application tracking softwares Research Advisory Panel (2006). E- Recruitment Developments E- Recruitment has been developed more recently with the use of job domains. Job domains originated during the early part of 2005 they make the most use of the Internet for assigned numbers and names. The job domain is in the top level of the domains that would allow efficient and easy websites navigation. The survey conducted by the society for human resource management (SHRM) suggested that those firms that use job domains can produce better results in E recruitment (Minton-Eversole, 2007 cited in White, 2008). From the study of Schramm (2007) cited in White, 2008) explains, apart from the key development of E recruitment though Job domains, there are several advancements in the internet recruitment such as the online communities or the internet communities known as Web 2.0. These online communities are like the social networking websites that are meant for social stances. These internet communities websites such as Facebook, MySpace that are used by the recruiters in order to find suitable candidates who are looking for the employment offers. These developments in the Internet communities would benefit in many ways by, verifying the necessary credentials and other information that are not listed on the candidates resume. In the major cases candidates would also be eliminated with the contents listed in the Internet social sites. Merits of E-Recruitment This section of the literature review seeks to focus on the cost cutting and the time saving measures of the E-Recruitment process. Key role E Recruitment in the Cost cutting measures E- Recruitment is Cost efficient and it can bring a lot of benefit to the organization. Using the internet as a source for recruitment in the E-Recruitment process it can help us to save huge amount of money. Posting jobs in the websites costs less when compared to the job publishing in other forms of media such as newspapers. Job boards are really beneficial to the recruiters who can post vacancies at low cost than other advertisements. According to iLogos research in 1998 there are three main areas in which E Recruitment reduces costs they are as follows, Direct costs savings from the advertisements posted on Newspapers Reduces mail costs from paying fees to the head recruiters or Job fairs Reduces Human resource workload in the Human resource department that yields great pace to the recruitment cycle that ultimately lowers cost (Othman and Musa, 2006) From the above, we can see the saving benefits associated with E-Recruitment. In addition, the internet is used as a major source of E-Recruitment resumes are posted via mails which is very cheap on the other hand traditional recruitment uses communication system such as phone calls, Fax, etc and in some cases if the candidate is based long distance it costs him more for the communication itself, In addition in case of applying via post it can be more costly and the time consumption is more for communication, So it is better and also more advantageous for E-Recruitment process since the cost is reduced and communication is made easy and faster (The University of Melbourne, 2009). Launching a new career website for a company that would eventually track every details of candidates required in the recruitment process costs less. The process also reduces temporarily manpower spending of manual sorting or applicants (White, 2008). Key role E Recruitment in the Time Saving measures E-Recruitment has more effective advantage that helps the employers in time saving there by proving efficient benefits to the employers. E-Recruitment provides recruiters with the ability to work simultaneously with traditional recruitment processes. This means that firms are able to source and process the application quickly, thus saving long hours of hiring process (Marr, 2007). Time saving is a strategic measure in the hiring process. According to the study of Barber (2006), the ease of completing online application form and the time taken to process applications are done in minutes faster than weeks, the advantage of this, is that recruiters and job seekers are saved time. The hiring time is saved by pre selecting the application and receiving quick response electronically. The most important variance would be that, companies can update their information quickly by typically speeding up the front end processes Othman and Musa (2006), According to the Bussler Davis (2002) E-Recruitment can reduce the amount of time used for hiring in the recruitment process by two thirds. Other Key advantages of E-Recruitment In addition to the cost and time saving benefits identified with E-Recruitment, there are various other merits in the E-Recruitment process. The access to the candidate pool is wider when compared to the traditional recruitment methods to the candidate pool. This would range from National, International to local levels that provides greater chances in finding the suitable candidates for job roles. This provides opportunities in the online graduate recruitment of more diverse graduate pools responding with opening all doors. This would better show off best recruitment techniques across the business units allowing more recruitment information (Barber, 2006). Another benefit would be brand reputation as a key account of benefits to E-Recruitment by promoting the corporate brand and corporate image of an organisation. Corporate websites gives values of choices with an indication of better values and better organizational culture. It also gives a better feel of the candidate to share why they would want to work in the organisation. When any candidate applies for a job with the firm, sometime it mostly rely on the way they are treated. At this context if candidate have bad experience it would ultimately give negative impact to the brand (Barber, 2006). The benefits of E-Recruitment strategy on the talent pool is supported by Shipton (2004), according to him talent pool is efficient in E-Recruitment strategy in that it helps group candidates who have applied for the advertised position in terms of either a speculative basis or as a result of direct responses to an advertisements. These are done by communicating at regular intervals in the form of E-newsletters. The author also found the benefits after the implementation of E-Recruitment system in The Tussauds Group in the form of saving time of hiring reduction up to 66 percent. E-Recruitment would provide proper access for the passive job seekers who are the individuals already working or already in a job. It gives opportunity to apply for better job roles advertised on the Internet. These are the type of job seekers of better quality due to the fact that they are not desperate for change in job when compared to the active job seekers who are frustrated in finding a new opportunity (Richardson, 2005). Demerits of E-Recruitment We have reviewed various literatures on E-Recruitment processes and the merits in terms of Cost and Time saving benefits. We shall now look at the various demerits of E-Recruitment process. E-Recruitment is very effective in saving cost and time; apart from these prime benefits it also provides wider access to the candidate pool, as well as improving brand reputation of a company etc. There are many challenges that needed to be reviewed and be aware of the fact that it has disadvantages over the traditional recruitments. The demerits outlined by Othman and Musa (2006) include: Ethnic Minorities E-Recruitment can impact to the certain groups of ethnic minorities in particular, as they are the kind of kind of people who are not able to access the internet. The role of impact on certain minority groups would be a threat for the organization that can lead to discrimination issues. Lack of Access to the Internet Basic knowledge is needed for Internet access hence in this case it has been limited to particular demographic groups. Inability to Target Executive Personnel Recruiting top or executive personnel online would be a disadvantage, due to the fact that they would prefer personal contacts. Sources to Apply Jobs There can be other better resources available for the applicants such as newspaper or by advertisements on the website or both. Lead to Resume Over Load There is a possibility of resume overload, since there are no restrictions for the applicants in posting their application for the job. Low Level of Applicants Internet is a big source that allows candidates to submit resumes any time and this could create a vast number of unqualified applicants to job in the database. Also there is a probability that it can yield towards huge volumes of low quality applicants. In addition if there is an increase in appli

richard nixon :: essays research papers

Richard Nixon is known as the 37th president that resigned from office. I am going to tell you the whole story. Nixon was born in 1913 in Yorba Linda, California, the second of five sons of Francis Nixon and Hannah Nixon. The Nixons were Scots-Irish and the Milhouses were of Irish and English descent, known as Quakers. Richard Nixon attended public schools in Whittier, California, and went to Whittier College, a Quaker institution, where he majored in history. He won a scholarship to Duke University Law School and received his law degree in 1937. Nixon joined an established law firm in Whittier and there met his future wife, Thelma Ryan. They married on June 21, 1940, and had two daughters, Patricia in 1946 and Julie in 1948.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1946 Nixon was persuaded by California Republicans to be their candidate to challenge the popular Democratic Congressman Jerry Voorhis for his seat in the United States House of Representatives. Nixon’s campaign was an example of the vigorous and aggressive style characteristic of his political career. He accused Voorhis of being soft on Communism. The two men confronted each other in a series of debates, and Voorhis was forced into a defensive position. Nixon won the election by a vote of 65,586 to 49,994. As a new member of the Congress of the United States, Nixon gained valuable experience in international affairs while serving on a special committee that helped establish the European Recovery Program. Nixon also served on the House of Education and Labor Committee, where he helped draft the Taft-Hartley Act on labor-management relations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1948, he was reelected to Congress after winning both the Republican and Democratic nominations. In 1950 the Republicans chose Nixon as their candidate for the U.S. Senate from California. His opponent was the liberal Congresswoman Helen Gahagan Douglas. In another bitterly fought campaign, Nixon linked her voting record with American-Labor-Party congressman Vito Marcantonio, who was widely regarded as pro-Communist. Nixon won the election by 680,000 votes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1952 Nixon was selected to be the running mate of General Dwight Eisenhower, who had won the Republican presidential nomination. Shortly after Nixon’s vice-presidential nomination it was reported that a fund had been collected to meet his expenses as a senator. No evidence was produced that Nixon had misused the fund or given special favors to contributors, but many of Eisenhower’s advisers wanted Nixon to resign his candidacy.

Creative Essay: Why Are There Poor People -- essays research papers

Creative Essay: Why Are There Poor People   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Looking back on my childhood, I realize how lucky I was to be blessed with the family I have. Knowing what I know now, I have come to understand that not every kid had the same life that I had. Not every child had a living room full of gifts on Christmas morning, or a family to share a birthday with. I was lucky enough to have all of the luxuries that so many children yearn for. So many children take for granted the fact that they eat three meals a day, while so many others are lucky to find a scrap of bread in a dumpster.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It wasn't until I was about nine or ten when I realized that there were poor people in the world. My family and I had been on our annual trip to New York City to see ...

Motion Picture Industry

Case Problem 2: The Motion Picture Industry This case provides the student with the opportunity to use numerical measures to continue the analysis of the motion picture industry data first presented in Chapter 2. Developing and interpreting descriptive statistics such as the mean, median, standard deviation and range are emphasized. Five-number summaries and the identification of outliers are also of interest. Interpretations and insights can vary. We illustrate some below. Descriptive Statistics Variable N Mean SE Mean StDev Range Opening Gross 100 9. 8 1. 89 18. 87 108. 43 Total Gross 100 33. 04 6. 32 63. 16 380. 15 Number of Theaters 100 1278 138 1379 3905 Weeks in Top 60 100 8. 680 0. 639 6. 390 26. 000 Variable MinimumQ1 Median Q3 Maximum Opening Gross 0. 0100 0. 0625 0. 395 12. 49 108. 44 Total Gross 0. 0300 0. 375 5. 854 47. 69 380. 18 Number of Theaters 5. 00 45. 3 410 2732 3910 Weeks in Top 60 1. 000 3. 000 7. 00 13. 000 27. 000 Interpretation Opening Weekend Gross Sales. Th e mean opening weekend gross sales is $9. 38 million. The five-number summary is . 01, . 0625, . 395, 12. 49 and 108. 44. Thus the opening weekend gross sales is highly variable and ranges from a low of $10,000 to a high of $108. 44 million. 50% of the motion pictures had an opening weekend gross sales of $395,000 or less, and 25% had a relatively low opening weekend gross sales of $62,500 or less. The top 25% of the motion pictures had an opening weekend gross sales of $12. 9 million or more. Total Gross Sales. The mean total gross sales is $33. 04 million. The five-number summary is . 03, . 375, 5. 854, 47. 69 and 380. 18. Thus the total gross sales is also highly variable and ranges from a low of $30,000 to a high of $380. 18 million. 50% of the motion pictures had a total gross sales of $5. 854 million or less, and 25% had a relatively low total gross sales of $375,000 or less. The top 25% of the motion pictures had total gross sales of $47. 69 million or more. Number of Theater s.The mean number of theaters for motion pictures is 1278 theaters. The five-number summary is 5, 45. 3, 410, 2732 and 3910. Thus the number of theaters for a motion picture is also highly variable and ranges from a low of 5 theaters to a high of 3910 theaters. 50% of the motion pictures were shown in 410 or fewer theaters. 25% of the motion pictures were shown in 45 or fewer theaters. The top 25% of the motion pictures were shown in 2732 or more theaters. Number of Weeks in Top 60. The mean number of weeks in the top 60 for motion pictures is 8. 8 weeks. The five-number summary is 1, 3, 7, 13 and 27. Thus the number of weeks in the top 60 is also highly variable and ranges from a low of 1 week to a high of 27 weeks. 50% of the motion pictures were on the top 60 list for 7 or fewer weeks. 25% of the motion pictures were on the top 60 list for 3 or fewer weeks. The top 25% of the motion pictures were on the top 60 list for 13 or more weeks. General Observations. The data show that th ere is a wide variation in the performance of motion pictures for the four variables being studied.Motion pictures range from the low gross sales movies shown in relatively few theaters to the highly successful motion pictures with hundreds of millions in gross sales and playing in almost 4000 theaters. The profiles of motion pictures using the means and medians are shown below. |Profile |Mean |Median | |Opening Weekend Gross Sales |$ 9. 38 million |$ . 395 million | |Total Gross Sales |$33. 04 million |$ 5. 54 million | |Number of Theaters |1278 |410 | |Number of Weeks in Top 60 |8. 68 |7 | The relatively few extremely high performance blockbuster motion pictures tend to inflate the mean in the above profile calculations. The profile based the median gives a better picture of the middle or more typical performance characteristics in the motion picture industry. Outliers We will use outliers to identify the highly successful blockbuster motion pictures in the data set.Using Q3 + 1. 5(IQR) to identify the levels required to qualify as a high performance outlier, we have the following. Opening Weekend Gross Sales Q3 + 1. 5(IQR) = 12. 49 + 1. 5(12. 49 – . 0625) = $31. 13 million Total Gross Sales Q3 + 1. 5(IQR) = 47. 69 + 1. 5(47. 69 – . 375) = $118. 66 million Number of Theaters Q3 + 1. 5(IQR) = 2732 + 1. 5(2732 – 45. 3) = 6762 theaters Number of Weeks on the Top 60 List Q3 + 1. 5(IQR) = 13 + 1. 5(13 – 3) = 28 weeks There are no outliers in terms of the number of theaters or the number of weeks on the top 60 list.There were motion pictures that were high on these two variables, but not high enough to be considered outliers. However, there were six motion pictures that out performed the other motion pictures in terms of reaching outlier levels in opening weekend gross sales and total gross sales. These motions pictures are considered the â€Å"blockbuster† motion pictures in the data set. To be in this category the motion pictur e had an opening weekend gross sales greater than $31. 13 million and a total gross sales greater than $118. 66 millions.The six blockbuster motion pictures in this category ranked by total gross sales are as follows: |Motion Picture |Opening Gross Sales |Total |Number of |Weeks in Top 60| | |($ millions) |Gross Sales |Theaters | | | | |($ millions) | | | |Star Wars: Episode III |108. 4 |380. 18 |3,663 |19 | |Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire |102. 69 |287. 18 |3,858 |13 | |War of the Worlds | 77. 06 |234. 21 |3,910 |19 | |Wedding Crashers | 33. 90 |209. 22 |3,131 |23 | |Batman Begins | 48. 5 |205. 28 |3,858 |18 | |Mr. and Mrs. Smith | 50. 34 |186. 22 |3,451 |21 | Star Wars: Episode III was the top motion picture in terms of both opening weekend gross sales and total gross sales for 2005. War of the Worlds was shown in the most theaters 3910 and Wedding Crashers, at 23 weeks, was the motion picture in this group with the longest run in the top 60 list.

Eliminative Materialism

Explain Eliminative Materialism. Explain an argument in its favor. Does the Argument succeed? In this paper I will discuss Eliminative Materialism, a theory in philosophy of mind. First I will explain the term theory-theory, next Folk Psychology, as a theory will be discussed. Then, I will clarify the failure of Folk Psychology as per Eliminative Materialism. Last, I will explain an argument in favor of Eliminative Materialism. Finally, I will elucidate whether the argument succeeds or fails. Functionally, a theory must make predictions, interpret evidence in new ways, and provide explanations of phenomena in its domain [http://www. iep. utm. edu/th-th-co/]. Science contains an ample amount of theories. For example, the theory of evolution in biology makes the prediction that all life forms arose from a common ancestor. In the event that a new species is to be discovered the theory of evolution can, based on its careful observations and classifications of life forms, predict the ancestors of the newly discovered species. The theory of evolution does provide adequate explanation of phenomena in its domain; hence it is a successful theory. â€Å"The term â€Å"Theory-Theory† derives from Adam Morton (1980), who proposed that our everyday understanding of human psychology constitutes a kind of theory by which we try to predict and explain behavior in terms of its causation by beliefs, intentions, emotions, traits of character, and so on†[http://www. iep. uwtm. edu/th-th-co/]. The hypothesized theory of human behavior is â€Å"Folk Psychology†. Folk Psychology provides explanations of human behavior, which is contingent on other mental states, like: desires, beliefs, fears, perceptions and so forth [Paul Churchland]. Hence, Folk Psychology has numerous mental states in its domain for which it provides explanations. To provide explanation of phenomenon and predictions Folk Psychology and other scientific theories use deductive nomological (law-like) explanations (Campbell). This is according to Paul Churchland. Here is an example of a deductive nomological explanation of fear-behavior as per Folk Psychology: People who are exposed to something scary tend to be scared. People who tend to be scared shriek â€Å"Yahhhhooowww† I scared my friend by surprising her Therefore, My friend said â€Å"Yahhhhooowww† Deductive nomological predictions can be attained my manipulating the tenses. According to Paul Churchland Folk Psychology has become such an integral and seemingly natural part of our way of dealing with one another; we overlook its theoretical status. Another reason for its seamless integration is the fact that Folk Psychology is an empirical revisionary theory. â€Å"It is so obviously a theory†¦ The structural features of Folk Psychology parallel perfectly those of mathematical physics; the only difference lies in the respective domain of abstract entities they exploit-numbers in the case of physics, and propositions in the case of psychology†(Churchland) Being an empirical revisionary theory Folk Psychology excepts far more generalizations/exceptions than do other reputable theories (Campbell). Now that we have seen that Folk Psychology shares theoretical underpinnings with actual scientific theories what is next? According to an Eliminative Materialist then Folk Psychology can be disproven/eliminated. The preceding also suggests that Folk Psychology is not innate (knowledge that is a priori) as we might believe. That our commonsense psychological framework may be completely erroneous. – â€Å"The presumed domain of folk psychology used to be much larger than it is now. In primitive cultures, the behavior of most of the elements of nature were understood in intentional term. The wind could know anger†¦ † Churchland – The above shows reduction of the domain over the course of the years of folk psychology â€Å"Given that folk psychology is an empirical theory, it is at least an abstract possibility that its principles are radically false and that its ontology is an illusion. â€Å"(Churchland) Our Ontology is the catalogue of all things we believe actually exist in the universe. Campbell) â€Å"Born of innocence and tunnel vision† Churchland To measure Folk Psychology's success â€Å"we must evaluate Folk Psychology with regard to its coherence and continuity with fertile and well-established theories in adjacent domains-with evolutionary theory, biology, and neuroscience. † (Churchland). – Mention the failings of Folk Psychology here. Specific example the process of learning. If folk psychology is something that is itself learned then folk psychology would thus appear incapable of even addressing how one learns. Folk psychology then comes across a theory that is at best a highly superficial theory, a partial and unpenetrating gloss on a deeper and more complex reality. A reality that can be uncovered only by mature neuroscience. – If we approach homo sapiens from the perspective of natural history and the physical sciences, we can tell a coherent story of his constitution, development, and behavioral capacities which encompasses†¦ That story, though still radically incomplete, is already extremely powerful, outperforming Folk Psychology at many points even in its own domain. – â€Å"On why is Folk Psychology hard to get rid of: Folk Psychology is a central part of our current lebenswelt, and serves as the principle vehicle of our interpersonal commerce. Foe these facts provide folk psychology with a conceptual inertia that goes far beyond its purely theoretical virtues. Folk psychology's categories appear (so far) to be incommensurable with or orthogonal to the categories of the background physical science whose long-term claim to explain human behavior seems undeniable. What is Folk Psychology? Folk Psychology is the common-sense understanding of mental states [Stanford]. By â€Å"common-sense understanding† it is meant that mental states are not discerned in a scientific manner. Folk psychology encompasses the explanation and the prediction of behavior, the other-minds problem, the nature of i ntrospection

Technology is a major problem in society

We are living in a generation that we can't complete our day without using technology, A generation of the beginning of the new world order, That have started to become a major problem in our society and effects the way we live.On the one hand, It makes as unsociable in the real life; Since the beginning of technology, When Computers and video games consoles were invented people started to spent more time in their houses playing virtual games and virtual activities that has started to make them unsociable in the real life and isolated from the outside activities, And that creates new diseases and disorder such as laziness and a loss of personality. Second of all, People Started using technology to chat with their friends and beloved once instead of talking to them personally, and that has started to affect our way to communicate with each other's.Furthermore, People has started to use technology for online shopping, Paying the bills, and its good it saves time and effort but there is disadvantages of it, people used to go shopping and meet new people why doing it and now the technology Is taking over. On the second hand, People started to lose their Jobs to machines that will do the work for them; nowadays people have been replaced by machines to the Job for example; the train ticket guy has been replaced for a machine to do the Job, tell then unemployment rate has Increased.Second of all, based on the American police department, machine robbery has been Increased since 1990 till now, because It Is easy to rob. On the other hand, technology has made as over dependent on our gadgets; technology had made as over dependent on our gadgets that we cannot not to check on our smartness every minute, we depend on It In everything for example; Navigation, Alarm, Calculator, Calendar. It Is good to have this technologies but what if the battery died? Or the phone got stolen?People will get lost In their life and will face hard time managing It. Second of all, the more pe ople begin to depend on computers and other forms of technology for everyday existence. This means that when a machine breaks or a computer crashes, humans become almost disabled until the problem Is resolved. This kind of dependency on technology puts people at a distinct disadvantage, because they become less self-reliant. In conclusion, as we have seen above, nothing Is perfect. Everything can be dark or right; positive or negative.It depends on the way we deal with It, depending and using technology every day In our lives can cause a lot of problems as mentioned above, we Just have to find a way to use It less than before and not to depend on It. Technology is a major problem in society By Weeks-Shabby people why doing it and now the technology is taking over. Unemployment rate has increased. Second of all, based on the American police department, machine robbery has been increased since 1990 till now, because it is on our smartness every minute, we depend on it in everything fo r example; Navigation, Alarm, Calculator, Calendar.It is good to have this technologies but what if the battery died? Or the phone got stolen? People will get lost in their life and will face hard time managing it. Second of all, the more people begin to depend on until the problem is resolved. This kind of dependency on technology puts people at In conclusion, as we have seen above, nothing is perfect. Everything can be dark or bright; positive or negative. It depends on the way we deal with it, depending and using technology every day in our lives can cause a lot of problems as mentioned above, we Just have to find a way to use it less than before and not to depend on it.

Business Documents Essay

English editing (or re-writing) can cause discomfort, because it often reveals hidden weaknesses in the original document. But companies willing to accept the treatment and put in any work necessary will produce a document that shines. By turning existing, long-winded and inaccessible text into clear writing, plain English can shine an uncomfortably bright light on flaws in the original content that would otherwise remain unnoticed. The reality is that in many businesses, a lot of very talented and experienced professionals can spend an awful lot of time doing fantastic research and work only to produce a document that fails dismally to do them credit. Why do all that work if the final report, which may be so critical, simply isn’t fit for purpose? Companies and organisations are increasingly recognising that the reports they produce need to read clearly. They recognise that the text needs to be in plain English. The author is not the reader. Putting the text through the plain English editing process can polish text until it shines with clarity. That’s great if the bones of the report, the facts and figures and findings etc, are already solid. But sometimes, the editing process itself can throw up uncomfortable questions. It reveals flaws in original document, highlights waffle, questions in-house jargon, and draws attention to unsubstantiated claims. And that’s when a businesses’ true grit shows. ‘Your editing highlighted the fact that there were holes in just about every paragraph,’ one client told me. ‘The plain English showed us just how many gaps we need to fill before we can send the report to our client. ’

SKT2LIt review for nursing research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

SKT2LIt review for nursing - Research Paper Example The physician may have coined this leads to increased cases of alteration of the original medical instruction as. The increased lawsuit cases against healthcare institutions charged with malpractices is attributed to patient’s inability to process and comprehend medical information from nurses (Nutbeam, 2000). This problem therefore affects the administration of nursing facilities as it does the nurses and the patients due to the financial commitments they have to make during these lawsuits. Health literacy among patients is thus a problem whose impacts affect a wide group of individuals with impacts that can cost a life, affect the image of a facility or even break the career of a nursing professional. Based on the impacts of this problem, the formulation of solutions and methods of improving the literacy levels of patients should be developed promptly. The complexity of health issues continue to rise and this makes it significant to create methods of providing prompt solutio ns to the problem to help mitigate the impacts that it has in the nursing profession and the entire health profession (Scheckel, Emery and Nosek, 2010). Symptoms of problem Health literacy has no direct correlation with educational literacy as many may believe and this has resulted into lack of development of proper methods of addressing the problem. Understanding medical terms and instructions require a medical background, which is only available among the health workers. To help cushion nurses from taking responsibility for health related errors committed by patients, there is increased need to evaluate ways of improving health literacy among the general population. This will also help reduce the number of lawsuits against health facilities for mistakes committed because of low literacy levels of the patients, a situation that the hospital administration may lack proper ability to solve (Baker, 2006). There is a lot of evidence to illustrate the grave consequences of low health li teracy levels among residents of the United States and how this affects the general nursing profession. The lack of limited health vocabulary among patients compounded by facile use of medical terms by nursing professionals is responsible for increased health illiteracy and complications. A number of empirical evidence available in the country demonstrates the impacts of health literacy level on improved patient’s care. In the early 80s, patients in the United States who were diagnosed with asthma were given instructions to take theophylline regularly and to ensure diligence in following appointments as made by the nurses (Baker et al., 2002). According to Gormley-Fleming and Campbell (2011) the theophllyne prescription given to the patients were written scientifically and thus required a certain level of literacy for the patients to understand. The level of patient literacy at this time was attributed to the increased development of theophylline resistance among the general population attributed to lack of clear adherence to the instructions. Today, patients are given instructions to monitor their own disease using a peak flow meter, while making selections and correct use of appropriate inhalers. Further instructions may require the patients to augment the therapies with oral doses of steroid to help exuberate their asthma. Understanding this kind of instructions require advanced literacy levels among patients as any single omissions done has dire consequences

Competition is Better than Cooperation In the Relations Between Essay

Competition is Better than Cooperation In the Relations Between Criminal Justice Agencies - Essay Example Intervention in regard to criminal justice system refers to the process of preventing or reducing the incidence of crime, as well as acts that minimize the potential adverse consequences of convicted offenders in the society (Gough, 2010, p. 22). Similarly, supervision in the criminal justice system is defined as the process of overseeing the tasks and behaviours of the convicted offenders within the correction component of the criminal justice with the view of ensuring that the imposed sanctions yield the desired outcomes. Supervision in the criminal justice system has also been defined as the process of regulating and controlling behaviours of the convicted through restrictions or rules with the aim of ensuring that at the end they can become responsible persons who can easily re-integrate into the society without posing any serious public safety threats (Church, 1985, 456). Over the years, there has been raging debate on whether competition is better than cooperation in relations between criminal justice agencies. The persistent question has been which between competition and cooperation facilitates effective achievement of objectives of the criminal justice agencies, and ultimately those of the criminal justice system. This paper will seek to address this question by focusing on the intervention and supervision stages of the criminal justice process. It will show that indeed competition is better than cooperation in the relations between criminal justice agencies. Customarily, the criminal justice system has not been operating as a coordinated whole. Instead, criminal justice agencies have heavily been emphasizing on their core legislative independence and functions, as well as on their operational imperatives. This arrangement has been informed by a wide range of factors. The first factor is that the criminal justice agencies have differing goals, functions, purpose, and roles and as such no single agency handles the case throughout the entire system. Seco ndly, the system is defendant focused, case and incident-based, an arrangement that makes the agencies to operate separately in order not to deviate from this arrangement (Gough, 2010, p. 25). Thirdly, a range of procedural and legal constraints keep information that had been obtained before out of the court consideration. As such, information held by a particular criminal justice agency about an incident, victim, or defendant is progressively filtered as it moves through various agencies of the system. The other factor that has contributed to the criminal justice system not to work as a coordinated whole is the power dynamic within the criminal justice agencies hierarchy and their widely diverse professional culture (Gebo, et al, 2006, p. 425). The criminal justice system has been witnessing myriad of challenges especially in regard to law enforcement and corrections. In particular, the rise of the rate of crimes such as burglary cases and rape and overcrowding in the correctional facilities has been some of the main challenges facing the criminal just

Article responses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Article responses - Essay Example He suggests that this particularly divisive time created animus within the African-American population, propagated by the notion that much of what was "Negro" was by definition inferior to White culture. In this crucible of division the musical form that would come to be known as the Blues would be born and judged by various groups. This paper will summarize and comment on Barakas aka Jones reflections of this period of musical and cultural history. In a culture that regards a particular population so thoroughly inferior, the slave mentality bends under this oppressive distinction and begins to loathe itself. The music born out of that period reveals the changing economic and political conditions that self-emancipation brings, and how that shifting ground translates musically. Initially, the African chants and hollers that occupied slave music was counter-posed with Anglo-Saxon Protestant hymnals that at times were lifted directly from the hymn books themselves. The freedom to Africanize words, and the learning of American English resulted in some interesting phraseology to develop in the chants and lyrics that would eventually become the blues. Furthermore, the difficulties in finding rhymes because of the apparent restriction that a inchoate though developing mastery of English entailed resulted in the repetitive structure that would come to typify the blues form. The need to be able to produce music that was understandable t o the American population at large was a manifestation of the recently emancipated slave populations that realized that this musical form could extend across the country rather than just across the plantation fields. Yet, the Blues maintained its intensely personal form, a form that it would never lose, as the desire to escape the mainstream White American prejudice would continue to psychologically alienate blues musicians. Jones contends that this alienation is not as